Grammar TOEFL 2: Past Simple vs Present Perfect
Penjelasan
Gunakan Past Simple untuk tindakan yang selesai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu (I visited Paris in 2019). Gunakan Present Perfect untuk tindakan di masa lalu yang masih relevan dengan sekarang, atau waktunya tidak disebutkan spesifik (I have visited Paris three times). Kata seperti yesterday, last year menandakan Past Simple; kata seperti already, just, ever, never, since, for menandakan Present Perfect.
Latihan soal
1. She ___ to Japan last year.
- travels
- was traveling
- traveled
- has traveled
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. traveled
'Last year' adalah waktu spesifik di masa lalu → Past Simple: 'traveled'.
2. I have never ___ sushi before.
- was eating
- ate
- eat
- eaten
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. eaten
'Never...before' tanpa waktu spesifik menandakan Present Perfect + past participle: 'eaten'.
3. They ___ the report yesterday afternoon.
- finished
- finish
- are finishing
- have finished
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. finished
'Yesterday afternoon' adalah waktu spesifik → Past Simple: 'finished'.
4. We ___ in this city since 2015.
- live
- lived
- were living
- have lived
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. have lived
'Since 2015' menandakan tindakan berlanjut sampai sekarang → Present Perfect: 'have lived'.
5. He just ___ his homework.
- finish
- finished
- was finishing
- has finished
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. has finished
'Just' menandakan tindakan baru saja selesai → Present Perfect: 'has finished'.
6. Did you ___ the movie last night?
- watched
- have watched
- watch
- watches
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. watch
Setelah auxiliary 'did' dalam pertanyaan past, kata kerja utama menggunakan bentuk dasar: 'watch'.
7. I have already ___ this book twice.
- reading
- read
- was reading
- reads
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. read
'Already' menandakan Present Perfect, diikuti past participle: 'read'.
8. She ___ born in 1998.
- was
- has been
- is
- were
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. was
Tahun kelahiran adalah fakta waktu spesifik di masa lalu → Past Simple: 'was born'.
9. Have you ever ___ to Bali?
- go
- going
- went
- been
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. been
'Have you ever...' menanyakan pengalaman tanpa waktu spesifik → Present Perfect: 'been'.
10. The meeting ___ two hours ago.
- ended
- has ended
- ends
- is ending
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. ended
'Two hours ago' adalah penanda waktu spesifik di masa lalu → Past Simple: 'ended'.