Grammar TOEFL 12: Reported Speech
Penjelasan
Dalam reported speech, tense biasanya mundur satu tingkat: present→past, past→past perfect, will→would. Kata ganti dan keterangan waktu/tempat juga berubah (today→that day, here→there). Reporting verb yang berbeda (suggest, deny, admit, warn) mengubah struktur kalimat yang mengikutinya.
Latihan soal
1. She said that she ___ the report by Friday.
- finishes
- finished
- would finish
- will finish
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. would finish
'Will' pada kalimat asli mundur menjadi 'would' dalam reported speech.
2. He admitted that he ___ the mistake earlier but had been afraid to say so.
- noticed
- notices
- has noticed
- had noticed
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. had noticed
Past simple pada kalimat asli mundur jadi past perfect: 'had noticed'.
3. The manager suggested that the meeting ___ postponed until next week.
- be
- would be
- is
- was
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. be
Setelah 'suggest that', digunakan subjunctive (bentuk dasar) 'be'.
4. They told us that they ___ arrived the day before.
- have
- were having
- has
- had
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. had
Past simple mundur jadi past perfect: 'had arrived'.
5. She denied that she ___ responsible for the error.
- is
- would be
- had been
- was
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. was
Present simple mundur jadi past simple dalam reported speech: 'was'.
6. The officer warned drivers that the road ___ ahead due to construction.
- was closed
- is closed
- has been closed
- would close
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. was closed
Fakta present yang dilaporkan mundur jadi past simple: 'was closed'.
7. He explained that he ___ to the conference the following week.
- is traveling
- would be traveling
- travels
- will be traveling
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. would be traveling
'Will be traveling' mundur jadi 'would be traveling'.
8. She mentioned that she had lived there ___ she was a child.
- during
- for
- from
- since
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. since
'Since' dipakai untuk titik waktu awal, bukan durasi.
9. The witness testified that he ___ the vehicle speeding just before the collision.
- had seen
- saw
- sees
- has seen
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. had seen
Past simple mundur jadi past perfect dalam kesaksian yang dilaporkan.
10. They insisted that the contract ___ reviewed by a lawyer before signing.
- was
- be
- would be
- is
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. be
Subjunctive setelah 'insist that': 'be'.