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Grammar TOEFL 16: Advanced Modals: Deduction & Speculation

Penjelasan

Modal + have + past participle dipakai untuk berspekulasi tentang masa lalu: 'must have' (yakin terjadi), 'may/might have' (mungkin terjadi), 'can't have' (yakin tidak terjadi), 'should have' (seharusnya terjadi tapi tidak), 'needn't have' (dilakukan padahal tidak perlu).

Latihan soal

1. She's not answering her phone — she ___ already left for the airport.

  1. should have
  2. must have
  3. needn't have
  4. can't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. must have

'Must have' menyatakan deduksi kuat berdasarkan bukti.

2. He ___ studied harder — he failed the exam badly.

  1. can't have
  2. must have
  3. should have
  4. needn't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. should have

'Should have' menyatakan penyesalan/kritik atas sesuatu yang seharusnya dilakukan.

3. They ___ left already — I just saw their car in the driveway.

  1. should have
  2. can't have
  3. needn't have
  4. must have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. can't have

'Can't have' menyatakan keyakinan kuat bahwa sesuatu TIDAK terjadi.

4. You ___ brought an umbrella — it barely rained at all.

  1. should have
  2. can't have
  3. needn't have
  4. must have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. needn't have

'Needn't have' menyatakan tindakan dilakukan padahal ternyata tidak perlu.

5. She ___ forgotten about the meeting — she's usually so organized.

  1. might have
  2. must have
  3. should have
  4. needn't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. might have

'Might have' menyatakan kemungkinan, bukan kepastian.

6. The lights are off, so they ___ gone to bed already.

  1. can't have
  2. must have
  3. should have
  4. needn't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. must have

'Must have' deduksi kuat dari bukti (lampu mati).

7. He ___ taken the highway — traffic was terrible there today.

  1. can't have
  2. must have
  3. shouldn't have
  4. needn't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. shouldn't have

'Shouldn't have' menyatakan kritik atas keputusan yang ternyata buruk.

8. I ___ locked the door twice — I don't even remember doing it once.

  1. should have
  2. can't have
  3. needn't have
  4. must have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. can't have

'Can't have' menyatakan keyakinan kuat sesuatu tidak mungkin terjadi.

9. She ___ known about the surprise party — she seemed genuinely shocked.

  1. needn't have
  2. should have
  3. must have
  4. can't have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. can't have

'Can't have known' menyatakan keyakinan ia TIDAK tahu.

10. We ___ packed so much luggage — the hotel provided everything we needed.

  1. can't have
  2. needn't have
  3. must have
  4. should have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. needn't have

'Needn't have packed' menyatakan tindakan yang ternyata tidak perlu dilakukan.

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