Grammar TOEFL 19: Advanced Discourse Markers
Penjelasan
Discourse marker akademik menghubungkan gagasan dengan presisi: 'consequently/hence' (akibat), 'notwithstanding' (meskipun, formal), 'insofar as' (sejauh), 'in light of' (mengingat). Pemilihan yang tepat menunjukkan hubungan logis yang jelas antar gagasan.
Latihan soal
1. The evidence is inconclusive; ___, further research is warranted.
- despite
- because
- consequently
- unless
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. consequently
'Consequently' menyatakan akibat logis dari pernyataan sebelumnya.
2. ___ the available data, the committee's decision appears reasonable.
- Unless
- In light of
- Despite
- Provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. In light of
'In light of' berarti 'mengingat/berdasarkan pertimbangan'.
3. The proposal is sound ___ it does not require additional funding.
- because of
- unless
- insofar as
- despite
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. insofar as
'Insofar as' berarti 'sejauh/sepanjang', membatasi cakupan suatu pernyataan.
4. The theory has been widely criticized; ___, it remains influential in the field.
- because
- insofar
- nonetheless
- provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. nonetheless
'Nonetheless' menyatakan kontras meski ada kritik.
5. The first hypothesis lacks sufficient evidence; by the same token, the second ___ further testing.
- to require
- require
- requiring
- requires
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. requires
Subjek tunggal 'the second [hypothesis]' → 'requires'.
6. ___ the committee's objections, the project proceeded as planned.
- Provided that
- Unless
- Notwithstanding
- Because
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. Notwithstanding
'Notwithstanding' formal berarti 'meskipun', diikuti frasa kata benda.
7. The results were inconclusive; ___, the researchers decided to expand the sample size.
- because
- despite
- hence
- unless
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. hence
'Hence' menyatakan akibat logis, sejenis dengan 'consequently'.
8. The policy succeeded ___ it addressed the community's immediate concerns.
- because of
- unless
- insofar as
- despite
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. insofar as
'Insofar as' membatasi sejauh mana pernyataan berlaku.
9. ___ the current economic climate, the company has decided to delay its expansion.
- In light of
- Unless
- Despite
- Provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. In light of
'In light of' berarti mempertimbangkan situasi tertentu.
10. The findings challenge conventional wisdom; ___, they warrant careful scrutiny.
- provided
- because
- unless
- accordingly
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. accordingly
'Accordingly' menyatakan konsekuensi logis yang sesuai.