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Grammar TOEFL 19: Advanced Discourse Markers

Penjelasan

Discourse marker akademik menghubungkan gagasan dengan presisi: 'consequently/hence' (akibat), 'notwithstanding' (meskipun, formal), 'insofar as' (sejauh), 'in light of' (mengingat). Pemilihan yang tepat menunjukkan hubungan logis yang jelas antar gagasan.

Latihan soal

1. The evidence is inconclusive; ___, further research is warranted.

  1. despite
  2. because
  3. consequently
  4. unless
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. consequently

'Consequently' menyatakan akibat logis dari pernyataan sebelumnya.

2. ___ the available data, the committee's decision appears reasonable.

  1. Unless
  2. In light of
  3. Despite
  4. Provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. In light of

'In light of' berarti 'mengingat/berdasarkan pertimbangan'.

3. The proposal is sound ___ it does not require additional funding.

  1. because of
  2. unless
  3. insofar as
  4. despite
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. insofar as

'Insofar as' berarti 'sejauh/sepanjang', membatasi cakupan suatu pernyataan.

4. The theory has been widely criticized; ___, it remains influential in the field.

  1. because
  2. insofar
  3. nonetheless
  4. provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. nonetheless

'Nonetheless' menyatakan kontras meski ada kritik.

5. The first hypothesis lacks sufficient evidence; by the same token, the second ___ further testing.

  1. to require
  2. require
  3. requiring
  4. requires
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. requires

Subjek tunggal 'the second [hypothesis]' → 'requires'.

6. ___ the committee's objections, the project proceeded as planned.

  1. Provided that
  2. Unless
  3. Notwithstanding
  4. Because
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. Notwithstanding

'Notwithstanding' formal berarti 'meskipun', diikuti frasa kata benda.

7. The results were inconclusive; ___, the researchers decided to expand the sample size.

  1. because
  2. despite
  3. hence
  4. unless
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. hence

'Hence' menyatakan akibat logis, sejenis dengan 'consequently'.

8. The policy succeeded ___ it addressed the community's immediate concerns.

  1. because of
  2. unless
  3. insofar as
  4. despite
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. insofar as

'Insofar as' membatasi sejauh mana pernyataan berlaku.

9. ___ the current economic climate, the company has decided to delay its expansion.

  1. In light of
  2. Unless
  3. Despite
  4. Provided
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. In light of

'In light of' berarti mempertimbangkan situasi tertentu.

10. The findings challenge conventional wisdom; ___, they warrant careful scrutiny.

  1. provided
  2. because
  3. unless
  4. accordingly
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. accordingly

'Accordingly' menyatakan konsekuensi logis yang sesuai.

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