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Latihan TOEFL Listening 2: Lecture: The Water Cycle

Ini transkrip percakapan atau kuliah untuk latihan listening. Coba pahami isinya, lalu jawab 10 soal di bawah.

Today we're going to look at the water cycle, the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere. The process begins with evaporation, when heat from the sun causes water at the surface of oceans, lakes, and rivers to turn into vapor and rise into the atmosphere. Plants also contribute through a related process called transpiration, releasing water vapor from their leaves.

As this vapor rises and cools, it condenses into tiny droplets, forming clouds. When enough droplets combine and become heavy enough, they fall back to the surface as precipitation — rain, snow, sleet, or hail, depending on the temperature.

Once water reaches the ground, it doesn't just disappear. Some of it flows across the surface as runoff, eventually reaching rivers, lakes, and oceans again. Some soaks into the ground, becoming groundwater that can take years, even centuries, to resurface. This entire cycle has no true starting or ending point — it's a continuous loop that has shaped Earth's climate and geography for billions of years.

Soal

1. What is the main purpose of this lecture?

  1. To compare rainfall in different countries
  2. To explain the stages of the water cycle
  3. To argue that water shortages are increasing
  4. To describe how oceans are formed
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. To explain the stages of the water cycle

Kuliah ini menjelaskan tahapan water cycle secara berurutan: evaporasi → kondensasi → presipitasi → runoff/groundwater.

2. According to the lecture, what causes evaporation?

  1. Wind pressure
  2. Ocean currents
  3. Heat from the sun
  4. Plant roots
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. Heat from the sun

Disebutkan eksplisit: 'heat from the sun causes water... to turn into vapor'.

3. What is transpiration?

  1. Rainfall in forests
  2. Ice melting in glaciers
  3. Water flowing underground
  4. Water vapor released from plant leaves
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. Water vapor released from plant leaves

Transpirasi didefinisikan sebagai proses tumbuhan 'releasing water vapor from their leaves'.

4. What can be inferred about groundwater?

  1. It can remain underground for a very long time before resurfacing
  2. It never becomes part of the water cycle again
  3. It always returns to the surface within a few days
  4. It only exists near oceans
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. It can remain underground for a very long time before resurfacing

Lecture menyebut groundwater 'can take years, even centuries, to resurface' — jadi bisa sangat lama di bawah tanah.

5. Why does the lecturer mention that the water cycle 'has no true starting or ending point'?

  1. To compare it to other planets' cycles
  2. To explain why rain is unpredictable
  3. To argue the cycle is slowing down
  4. To emphasize that it is a continuous, ongoing process
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. To emphasize that it is a continuous, ongoing process

Kalimat ini menegaskan sifat siklus yang terus berulang tanpa awal/akhir yang pasti.

6. According to paragraph 1, what does heat from the sun cause water to do?

  1. Turn into vapor and rise into the atmosphere
  2. Sink to the ocean floor
  3. Freeze immediately
  4. Become salty
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. Turn into vapor and rise into the atmosphere

Disebutkan eksplisit panas matahari menyebabkan air 'turn into vapor and rise into the atmosphere'.

7. The word 'condenses' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

  1. changes from vapor into liquid droplets
  2. freezes into solid ice
  3. disappears completely
  4. evaporates into gas
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. changes from vapor into liquid droplets

'Condenses into tiny droplets' berarti berubah dari uap menjadi tetesan cair.

8. According to paragraph 2, what determines whether precipitation falls as rain, snow, sleet, or hail?

  1. Wind speed
  2. Temperature
  3. Ocean currents
  4. Time of day
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Temperature

Disebutkan bentuk presipitasi bergantung 'on the temperature'.

9. It can be inferred that runoff eventually

  1. Permanently removes water from the cycle
  2. Returns water to rivers, lakes, and oceans
  3. Has no connection to the rest of the water cycle
  4. Only occurs in deserts
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Returns water to rivers, lakes, and oceans

Disebutkan runoff 'eventually reaching rivers, lakes, and oceans again'.

10. Why does the lecturer explain both runoff and groundwater in paragraph 3?

  1. To show the two different paths water can take after reaching the ground
  2. To describe an unrelated geological process
  3. To criticize water conservation efforts
  4. To argue runoff is more important than groundwater
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. To show the two different paths water can take after reaching the ground

Kedua proses ini dijelaskan sebagai dua jalur berbeda yang bisa ditempuh air setelah mencapai tanah.

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