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Latihan TOEFL Listening 6: Lecture: Bee Pollination

Ini transkrip percakapan atau kuliah untuk latihan listening. Coba pahami isinya, lalu jawab 10 soal di bawah.

Bees are among the most important pollinators in many ecosystems, transferring pollen from the male parts of a flower to the female parts as they move from bloom to bloom collecting nectar. This transfer allows plants to reproduce, and in agricultural settings, adequate pollination directly affects the size and quality of fruit and vegetable harvests.

Unlike some other pollinators that visit flowers somewhat randomly, many bee species display a behavior called flower constancy, where an individual bee tends to visit only one type of flower during a single foraging trip, even if other flowers are closer or offer more nectar. This behavior actually improves pollination efficiency, since pollen from one plant species is more likely to reach flowers of the same species rather than being wasted on incompatible plants.

In recent years, declining bee populations due to habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and disease have raised concerns among farmers and researchers alike, prompting increased interest in practices that support healthy bee populations near agricultural land.

Soal

1. What is the main purpose of this lecture?

  1. Comparing bees and butterflies
  2. Explaining bee pollination and behaviors that make it effective, plus concerns about bee decline
  3. Describing how bees build hives
  4. Arguing farmers should stop using bees
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Explaining bee pollination and behaviors that make it effective, plus concerns about bee decline

Lecture menjelaskan mekanisme pollinasi lebah, perilaku flower constancy, dan kekhawatiran soal penurunan populasi lebah.

2. The word 'constancy' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

  1. randomness
  2. speed
  3. aggression
  4. consistency, sticking to one type
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. consistency, sticking to one type

'Flower constancy' berarti kecenderungan konsisten mengunjungi satu jenis bunga saja.

3. According to paragraph 2, what is flower constancy?

  1. A type of pesticide
  2. A bee visiting many different flowers randomly
  3. A bee visiting only one flower type per foraging trip
  4. A flower that blooms constantly
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. A bee visiting only one flower type per foraging trip

Didefinisikan eksplisit: lebah 'tends to visit only one type of flower during a single foraging trip'.

4. What can be inferred about the effect of flower constancy?

  1. It improves pollination efficiency for a given plant species
  2. It reduces pollination efficiency
  3. It has no effect on pollination
  4. It only occurs in artificial environments
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. It improves pollination efficiency for a given plant species

Teks menyebut perilaku ini 'improves pollination efficiency' karena serbuk sari sampai ke bunga sejenis.

5. Why does the author mention declining bee populations in paragraph 3?

  1. To compare bee decline in different countries
  2. To explain how pesticides are made
  3. To argue bees are no longer necessary
  4. To raise concern about a real threat to agriculture and prompt interest in protective practices
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. To raise concern about a real threat to agriculture and prompt interest in protective practices

Ini menunjukkan urgensi nyata yang mendorong minat pada praktik yang mendukung populasi lebah.

6. According to paragraph 1, what does pollination allow plants to do?

  1. Resist disease
  2. Reproduce
  3. Absorb more sunlight
  4. Grow taller
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Reproduce

Disebutkan transfer pollen 'allows plants to reproduce'.

7. The word 'foraging' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

  1. fighting off predators
  2. building a nest
  3. searching for and collecting food
  4. sleeping in a hive
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. searching for and collecting food

'Foraging trip' merujuk pada perjalanan mencari dan mengumpulkan makanan (nektar).

8. According to paragraph 2, what happens to pollen when a bee visits only one flower type per trip?

  1. It turns into nectar
  2. It is more likely to reach flowers of the same species
  3. It attracts more predators
  4. It is wasted entirely
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. It is more likely to reach flowers of the same species

Disebutkan pollen 'more likely to reach flowers of the same species rather than being wasted'.

9. It can be inferred that pollinators without flower constancy might

  1. Have no effect on plant reproduction
  2. Waste more pollen by visiting incompatible plant species
  3. Only visit one flower ever
  4. Be more efficient than bees
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Waste more pollen by visiting incompatible plant species

Karena flower constancy meningkatkan efisiensi, pollinator tanpa perilaku ini cenderung lebih boros/kurang efisien.

10. Why does the lecturer mention pesticide exposure and habitat loss in paragraph 3?

  1. To explain factors contributing to bee population decline
  2. To describe how bees build hives
  3. To compare bees to other insects unrelated to pollination
  4. To argue pesticides have no negative effects
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. To explain factors contributing to bee population decline

Kedua faktor ini disebut sebagai penyebab utama penurunan populasi lebah.

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