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Latihan TOEFL Listening 10: Lecture: Volcanic Islands Formation

Ini transkrip percakapan atau kuliah untuk latihan listening. Coba pahami isinya, lalu jawab 10 soal di bawah.

Many islands in the middle of the ocean, far from any tectonic plate boundary, owe their existence to features called hotspots — localized areas of intense volcanic activity thought to be fed by plumes of unusually hot rock rising from deep within the Earth's mantle. As tectonic plates slowly move over a stationary hotspot, magma periodically breaks through the crust, building up volcanic material that can eventually rise above sea level to form an island.

Because the plate continues moving while the hotspot itself remains relatively fixed, this process typically produces not a single island but a chain, with the oldest, most eroded islands farthest from the hotspot and the youngest, most volcanically active island directly above it. The Hawaiian Island chain is one of the most studied examples of this pattern, with the Big Island currently positioned over the hotspot and still growing through ongoing eruptions.

Over millions of years, islands that drift away from the hotspot gradually cool, erode, and sink, sometimes disappearing beneath the ocean surface entirely or becoming low coral atolls as volcanic rock is slowly worn away by wind and waves.

Soal

1. What is the main purpose of this lecture?

  1. Comparing earthquakes and volcanoes
  2. Describing coral reef formation
  3. Explaining how hotspots create chains of volcanic islands
  4. Arguing Hawaii should be more protected
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. Explaining how hotspots create chains of volcanic islands

Lecture menjelaskan mekanisme hotspot membentuk rantai pulau vulkanik dari awal sampai proses erosinya.

2. The word 'eroded' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

  1. worn away over time
  2. frozen
  3. enlarged
  4. newly formed
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. worn away over time

'Most eroded islands' berarti pulau yang paling terkikis/aus seiring waktu.

3. According to paragraph 1, what causes islands to form over a hotspot?

  1. Tectonic plates colliding directly
  2. Coral growth over centuries
  3. Magma breaking through the crust as the plate moves over a stationary hotspot
  4. Ocean currents depositing sediment
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. Magma breaking through the crust as the plate moves over a stationary hotspot

Disebutkan eksplisit: magma menembus kerak bumi saat lempeng bergerak di atas hotspot yang relatif diam.

4. What can be inferred about the oldest islands in a hotspot chain?

  1. They are closest to the hotspot and still erupting
  2. They are impossible to study
  3. They are farthest from the hotspot and more eroded
  4. They are always larger than younger islands
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. They are farthest from the hotspot and more eroded

Paragraf 2 menyebut pulau tertua berada paling jauh dari hotspot dan paling terkikis.

5. Why does the author mention the Big Island of Hawaii?

  1. To compare Hawaii with Iceland
  2. To explain Hawaiian cultural history
  3. To argue Hawaii is the only hotspot island chain
  4. To give a concrete, well-studied example of an island currently positioned over a hotspot
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. To give a concrete, well-studied example of an island currently positioned over a hotspot

Big Island disebut sebagai contoh nyata pulau yang saat ini berada tepat di atas hotspot dan masih aktif.

6. According to paragraph 1, where does the heat for hotspots come from, according to the passage?

  1. Ocean currents
  2. Plumes of unusually hot rock rising from deep within the mantle
  3. Solar radiation
  4. Friction between tectonic plates colliding
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Plumes of unusually hot rock rising from deep within the mantle

Disebutkan hotspot 'fed by plumes of unusually hot rock rising from deep within the Earth's mantle'.

7. The word 'plume' in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

  1. a type of bird feather
  2. a flat plateau
  3. a deep valley
  4. a rising column or stream of material
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. a rising column or stream of material

'Plumes of hot rock' merujuk pada kolom/aliran material panas yang naik dari mantel bumi.

8. According to paragraph 2, which island in the Hawaiian chain is currently positioned over the hotspot?

  1. The Big Island
  2. Kauai
  3. Maui
  4. Oahu
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. The Big Island

Disebutkan eksplisit 'the Big Island currently positioned over the hotspot'.

9. It can be inferred that islands farther from a hotspot are generally

  1. Larger than islands near the hotspot
  2. Older and more eroded than islands closer to the hotspot
  3. Unaffected by erosion entirely
  4. Younger and more volcanically active
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Older and more eroded than islands closer to the hotspot

Paragraf 2 menyebut pulau tertua dan paling terkikis berada paling jauh dari hotspot.

10. Why does the lecturer describe what eventually happens to islands that drift away from the hotspot in paragraph 3?

  1. To compare volcanic islands with coral reefs exclusively
  2. To criticize erosion research
  3. To complete the life cycle description of a hotspot island chain
  4. To argue Hawaii will disappear within a few years
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. To complete the life cycle description of a hotspot island chain

Ini melengkapi gambaran siklus hidup pulau vulkanik dari pembentukan hingga tenggelam/terkikis.

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