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Latihan TOEFL Reading 3: Monarch Butterfly Migration

Baca passage berikut dengan teliti, lalu kerjakan 15 soalnya. Jawaban dan pembahasan bisa dibuka setelah kamu mencoba sendiri.

Each autumn, millions of monarch butterflies in eastern North America begin a journey of up to 4,800 kilometers to overwintering sites in the mountains of central Mexico. What makes this migration especially unusual is that no single butterfly completes the entire round trip. The monarchs that arrive in Mexico are two or three generations removed from those that made the same journey the previous year.

Researchers have long debated how monarchs manage to navigate such a precise route without any individual having traveled it before. Studies suggest that monarchs use a combination of the sun's position and an internal biological clock to maintain a consistent southward direction. Some evidence also points to a magnetic sense that helps the butterflies orient themselves on overcast days when the sun is not visible.

In recent decades, monarch populations have declined sharply, a trend that many scientists link to the loss of milkweed, the only plant on which monarch caterpillars feed. Agricultural expansion and the widespread use of herbicides have reduced milkweed populations along the monarchs' migratory route, prompting conservation programs that encourage landowners to plant milkweed in gardens and along roadsides.

Soal

1. What is unusual about the monarch butterfly migration, according to the passage?

  1. The migration route changes randomly each year
  2. Monarchs migrate a shorter distance than most butterflies
  3. No individual monarch completes the entire migration itself
  4. Monarchs only migrate once every several years
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. No individual monarch completes the entire migration itself

Disebutkan eksplisit: 'no single butterfly completes the entire round trip'.

2. The word 'consistent' in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

  1. incorrect
  2. surprising
  3. temporary
  4. steady
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. steady

'Maintain a consistent southward direction' berarti mempertahankan arah yang stabil — 'steady' paling dekat maknanya.

3. According to paragraph 2, how do monarchs navigate on overcast days?

  1. They may use a magnetic sense to orient themselves
  2. They rely only on the position of the sun
  3. They stop flying until the sky clears
  4. They follow the flight paths of older monarchs
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. They may use a magnetic sense to orient themselves

Kalimat terakhir paragraf 2 menyebut 'a magnetic sense that helps the butterflies orient themselves on overcast days'.

4. Why does the author mention herbicides in paragraph 3?

  1. To describe a new method of monarch conservation
  2. To explain a cause of the decline in milkweed and monarch populations
  3. To argue that herbicides have no effect on butterfly migration
  4. To compare herbicide use in Mexico and North America
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. To explain a cause of the decline in milkweed and monarch populations

Herbisida disebut sebagai faktor yang mengurangi populasi milkweed, yang berdampak pada populasi monarch — hubungan sebab-akibat.

5. What can be inferred about conservation programs mentioned in the passage?

  1. They discourage landowners from planting native species
  2. They focus on breeding monarchs in captivity
  3. They have successfully stopped all population decline
  4. They aim to increase milkweed availability along migration routes
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. They aim to increase milkweed availability along migration routes

Kalimat terakhir: program konservasi 'encourage landowners to plant milkweed' — tujuannya menambah ketersediaan milkweed.

6. The word 'overwintering' in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

  1. breeding rapidly
  2. migrating in summer
  3. spending the winter season in a location
  4. avoiding predators
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. spending the winter season in a location

'Overwintering sites' merujuk pada lokasi tempat monarch menghabiskan musim dingin.

7. According to paragraph 1, how many generations removed are the monarchs that arrive in Mexico from those that made the trip the year before?

  1. Exactly one
  2. Two or three
  3. Ten or more
  4. None, it's the same butterfly
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Two or three

Disebutkan eksplisit monarch yang tiba 'are two or three generations removed' dari generasi sebelumnya.

8. According to paragraph 2, what internal mechanism helps monarchs maintain direction?

  1. Smell alone
  2. GPS-like memory
  3. An internal biological clock combined with the sun's position
  4. Sound waves
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. An internal biological clock combined with the sun's position

Disebutkan monarch menggunakan 'the sun's position and an internal biological clock'.

9. It can be inferred that without a magnetic sense, monarchs might

  1. Be unable to fly at all
  2. Struggle to navigate on cloudy days when the sun isn't visible
  3. Lose the ability to reproduce
  4. Become immune to predators
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Struggle to navigate on cloudy days when the sun isn't visible

Magnetic sense disebut membantu orientasi khusus 'on overcast days when the sun is not visible'.

10. Why does the author explain the researchers' debate about monarch navigation in paragraph 2?

  1. To show the topic is still an area of ongoing scientific investigation
  2. To criticize past research methods
  3. To compare monarchs with birds exclusively
  4. To argue scientists have fully solved the mystery
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. To show the topic is still an area of ongoing scientific investigation

Kata 'have long debated' menandakan topik ini masih menjadi area penelitian aktif, bukan sudah terpecahkan sepenuhnya.

11. The word 'sharply' in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

  1. rarely and occasionally
  2. permanently and completely
  3. slowly and gradually
  4. suddenly and significantly
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. suddenly and significantly

'Declined sharply' berarti penurunan populasi yang signifikan dan cukup cepat.

12. According to paragraph 3, what is the only plant monarch caterpillars feed on?

  1. Corn
  2. Milkweed
  3. Sugarcane
  4. Clover
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Milkweed

Disebutkan eksplisit milkweed adalah 'the only plant on which monarch caterpillars feed'.

13. What two human activities are mentioned as reducing milkweed populations?

  1. Urban construction and mining
  2. Agricultural expansion and herbicide use
  3. Tourism and fishing
  4. Deforestation and hunting
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. Agricultural expansion and herbicide use

Disebutkan eksplisit 'agricultural expansion and the widespread use of herbicides'.

14. It can be inferred that conservation programs mentioned in paragraph 3 target

  1. Only Mexican territory
  2. Only scientists
  3. Only national parks
  4. Private landowners as well as public spaces
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. Private landowners as well as public spaces

Program konservasi disebut mendorong 'landowners to plant milkweed in gardens and along roadsides' — mencakup lahan pribadi dan area publik.

15. What is paragraph 1 mainly about?

  1. The unique multi-generational nature of the monarch migration
  2. Navigation mechanisms
  3. Conservation efforts
  4. The causes of population decline
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. The unique multi-generational nature of the monarch migration

Paragraf 1 berfokus pada fakta unik bahwa migrasi ini melibatkan beberapa generasi berbeda, bukan penyebab penurunan atau navigasi.

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