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Latihan Structure TOEFL Bagian 1

Pilih bentuk yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi tiap kalimat. Buka pembahasan setelah menjawab untuk memahami polanya.

1. By the time the meeting started, most of the participants ___ already left.

  1. having
  2. has
  3. had
  4. have
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. had

Klausa 'by the time the meeting started' (past) menandakan peristiwa lain terjadi lebih dulu — konteks past perfect: 'had already left'.

2. The committee is reviewing several proposals, ___ of which addresses the budget shortfall directly.

  1. either
  2. none
  3. any
  4. both
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. none

Maknanya: tak satu pun proposal membahas defisit anggaran secara langsung — paling pas dengan 'none of which'.

3. Not only ___ the report late, but it also contained several factual errors.

  1. did he submit
  2. he did submit
  3. submitted he
  4. he submitted
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. did he submit

Frasa negatif 'Not only' di awal kalimat memicu inversi subjek-auxiliary: 'did he submit'.

4. The research team spent two years ___ data before publishing their findings.

  1. analyzing
  2. to analyze
  3. analyzed
  4. analyze
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: A. analyzing

Pola 'spend + time + V-ing' adalah struktur baku: 'spend two years analyzing'.

5. Unlike her colleagues, who preferred working independently, Maria always ___ collaborative projects.

  1. enjoying
  2. enjoys
  3. enjoy
  4. has enjoy
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. enjoys

Subjek 'Maria' (tunggal) membutuhkan kata kerja 'enjoys' (present simple, subject-verb agreement).

6. The more carefully you plan your research, ___ your results are likely to be.

  1. more reliable
  2. the reliable
  3. reliable
  4. the more reliable
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. the more reliable

Struktur 'the + comparative..., the + comparative...' membutuhkan 'the more reliable', sejajar dengan 'the more carefully'.

7. Despite ___ the instructions twice, several employees still misunderstood the new policy.

  1. read
  2. reading
  3. having read
  4. to read
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. having read

Setelah preposisi 'despite' dibutuhkan gerund. 'Having read' menekankan tindakan itu selesai sebelum kesalahpahaman terjadi.

8. The professor, along with two graduate assistants, ___ responsible for grading all the exams.

  1. are
  2. were
  3. have been
  4. is
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: D. is

'Along with two graduate assistants' hanya keterangan tambahan; subjek utama tetap 'the professor' (tunggal) → 'is'.

9. It is essential that every applicant ___ the form before the deadline.

  1. submits
  2. submit
  3. submitted
  4. will submit
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: B. submit

Setelah 'it is essential that', digunakan subjunctive — bentuk dasar kata kerja tanpa -s: 'submit'.

10. Had the company invested in renewable energy earlier, it ___ significant costs by now.

  1. would save
  2. saves
  3. would have saved
  4. will have saved
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan

Jawaban: C. would have saved

Kalimat pengandaian tipe 3 dengan inversi 'Had the company invested...'; klausa hasil menggunakan 'would have saved'.

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