Latihan Structure TOEFL Bagian 22
Pilih bentuk yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi tiap kalimat. Buka pembahasan setelah menjawab untuk memahami polanya.
1. The findings are believed ___ replicated in at least three independent laboratories.
- to be
- having been
- to have been
- to having been
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. to have been
Passive infinitive perfect: diyakini SUDAH direplikasi sebelumnya → 'to have been replicated'.
2. The suspect is reported ___ seen near the scene shortly before the incident.
- having
- to be
- to having
- to have been
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. to have been
Passive infinitive perfect untuk peristiwa yang terjadi lebih dulu.
3. Measures are being taken to ensure the vulnerability ___ before the system goes live.
- be patched
- is patched
- patches
- patching
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. is patched
Klausa tujuan formal, present simple pasif untuk kepastian masa depan.
4. The building is scheduled ___ renovated over the next two years.
- to having been
- being
- to have been
- to be
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. to be
Passive infinitive present untuk rencana masa depan.
5. She had her thesis ___ by three external reviewers before submission.
- evaluate
- evaluated
- evaluating
- to evaluate
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. evaluated
Causative 'have something done' — thesis menerima tindakan dievaluasi (pasif).
6. The committee got the report ___ within a single week, despite its length.
- finish
- to finish
- finished
- finishing
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. finished
Causative 'get something done' — laporan menerima tindakan diselesaikan.
7. The new regulations are expected ___ significant compliance costs for smaller firms.
- imposing
- to impose
- to have imposed
- having imposed
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. to impose
Infinitive aktif setelah 'expected': regulasi diharapkan 'to impose' biaya kepatuhan.
8. The manuscript is thought ___ written sometime in the fourteenth century.
- to having
- to have been
- having
- to be
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. to have been
Passive infinitive perfect untuk dugaan tentang masa lalu.
9. Employees are required ___ their timesheets by Friday afternoon.
- to submit
- having submitted
- submitting
- submit
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. to submit
Pola 'require someone to do something' dalam bentuk pasif 'are required to submit'.
10. The satellite is believed ___ malfunctioned shortly after launch.
- to having
- having
- to have
- to be having
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. to have
Passive infinitive perfect: diyakini SUDAH mengalami malfungsi.