Kosakata TOEFL 14: Advanced Politics & Governance
Pelajari 12 kata berikut beserta arti dan contoh kalimatnya, lalu uji ingatanmu lewat kuis di bagian bawah.
autonomy (n) — otonomi
the right or condition of self-governance
The region was granted greater autonomy over its local affairs.
sovereignty (n) — kedaulatan
supreme authority within a territory
The treaty was seen as a threat to national sovereignty.
bureaucracy (n) — birokrasi
a system of government administered by officials and departments
Navigating the bureaucracy to obtain the permit took several months.
coalition (n) — koalisi
an alliance formed for a common purpose
The two parties formed a coalition to secure a parliamentary majority.
legislation (n) — perundang-undangan
laws collectively, or the act of making laws
New legislation was introduced to regulate data privacy.
dissent (n/v) — perbedaan pendapat
disagreement with an official or widely held position
Several justices expressed dissent in the ruling's minority opinion.
partisan (adj) — partisan, memihak
strongly supportive of a particular party, cause, or person
The debate quickly became partisan rather than substantive.
constituency (n) — konstituen, daerah pemilihan
a body of voters in a specific area, or their interests
The senator's constituency includes both urban and rural communities.
referendum (n) — referendum
a direct vote by the electorate on a particular question
The government called a referendum on the proposed constitutional amendment.
mandate (n) — mandat
official authority to carry out a policy or course of action
The newly elected government claimed a strong mandate for reform.
jurisdiction (n) — yurisdiksi
the official power to make legal decisions within a territory
The case fell outside the court's jurisdiction.
lobbying (n) — lobi
seeking to influence a politician or public official on an issue
Industry groups spent heavily on lobbying to oppose the new regulations.
Kuis
1. What does 'autonomy' most nearly mean?
- Complete dependence on another authority
- The right or condition of self-governance
- A financial penalty
- A type of military alliance
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. The right or condition of self-governance
'Autonomy' berarti hak/kondisi mengatur diri sendiri.
2. The treaty was seen as a threat to national ___.
- dissent
- sovereignty
- mandate
- bureaucracy
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. sovereignty
'Sovereignty' berarti otoritas tertinggi dalam suatu wilayah.
3. What does 'bureaucracy' most nearly mean?
- A type of military organization
- A religious institution
- A single elected official
- A system of government administered by officials and departments
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. A system of government administered by officials and departments
'Bureaucracy' berarti sistem pemerintahan yang dijalankan pejabat dan departemen.
4. The two parties formed a ___ to secure a parliamentary majority.
- referendum
- jurisdiction
- coalition
- constituency
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. coalition
'Coalition' berarti aliansi yang dibentuk untuk tujuan bersama.
5. What does 'partisan' most nearly mean?
- Strongly supportive of a particular party or cause
- Financially independent
- Legally required
- Completely neutral and unbiased
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. Strongly supportive of a particular party or cause
'Partisan' berarti sangat mendukung satu pihak/partai tertentu.
6. The newly elected government claimed a strong ___ for reform.
- lobbying
- jurisdiction
- dissent
- mandate
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. mandate
'Mandate' berarti otoritas resmi untuk menjalankan suatu kebijakan.
7. What does 'jurisdiction' most nearly mean?
- The official power to make legal decisions within a territory
- A public opinion poll
- A type of political party
- A financial budget
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. The official power to make legal decisions within a territory
'Jurisdiction' berarti kewenangan resmi membuat keputusan hukum di suatu wilayah.
8. The government called a ___ on the proposed constitutional amendment.
- coalition
- autonomy
- bureaucracy
- referendum
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. referendum
'Referendum' berarti pemungutan suara langsung oleh rakyat atas suatu isu.