Kosakata TOEFL 19: Advanced Environmental & Sustainability
Pelajari 12 kata berikut beserta arti dan contoh kalimatnya, lalu uji ingatanmu lewat kuis di bagian bawah.
mitigation (n) — mitigasi
the action of reducing the severity of something
Climate mitigation efforts focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
resilience (n) — resiliensi (lingkungan)
the capacity of a system to recover from disturbance
Coastal wetlands provide important resilience against storm surges.
carbon footprint (n phrase) — jejak karbon
the total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual or organization
The company pledged to reduce its carbon footprint by half within a decade.
degradation (n) — degradasi
the process of deterioration or decline in quality
Soil degradation threatens agricultural productivity in the region.
remediation (n) — remediasi
the action of reversing or stopping environmental damage
The site underwent years of remediation before it was safe for redevelopment.
sequestration (n) — sekuestrasi (karbon)
the process of capturing and storing a substance, such as carbon
Forests play a major role in carbon sequestration.
depletion (n) — penipisan sumber daya
the reduction in the quantity of something
Overfishing has led to the depletion of several marine species.
offset (n/v) — offset, kompensasi
an action that compensates for an equivalent negative effect
The airline offers customers the option to purchase a carbon offset for their flight.
stewardship (n) — kepengurusan, penjagaan
the responsible management of something entrusted to one's care
Indigenous communities have long practiced environmental stewardship of their lands.
externality (n) — eksternalitas
a cost or benefit affecting a third party not directly involved
Pollution is a classic example of a negative economic externality.
resilient (adj) — tangguh, tahan
able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions
Engineers designed the infrastructure to be resilient to extreme weather.
unsustainable (adj) — tidak berkelanjutan
not able to be maintained at the current rate
Current consumption patterns are widely considered unsustainable.
Kuis
1. What does 'mitigation' most nearly mean?
- A type of financial penalty
- A method of measuring temperature
- The action of completely ignoring a problem
- The action of reducing the severity of something
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. The action of reducing the severity of something
'Mitigation' berarti tindakan mengurangi tingkat keparahan sesuatu.
2. Soil ___ threatens agricultural productivity in the region.
- degradation
- remediation
- stewardship
- sequestration
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: A. degradation
'Degradation' berarti proses penurunan kualitas.
3. What does 'sequestration' most nearly mean, in an environmental context?
- A type of agricultural technique unrelated to carbon
- The process of releasing a substance into the atmosphere
- The process of capturing and storing a substance, such as carbon
- A legal penalty for pollution
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. The process of capturing and storing a substance, such as carbon
'Sequestration' berarti proses menangkap dan menyimpan suatu zat, seperti karbon.
4. Overfishing has led to the ___ of several marine species.
- mitigation
- sequestration
- depletion
- stewardship
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. depletion
'Depletion' berarti berkurangnya jumlah suatu sumber daya.
5. What does 'externality' most nearly mean?
- A type of internal company policy
- A government tax on income
- A physical location
- A cost or benefit affecting a third party not directly involved
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. A cost or benefit affecting a third party not directly involved
'Externality' berarti biaya/manfaat yang memengaruhi pihak ketiga yang tidak terlibat langsung.
6. Indigenous communities have long practiced environmental ___ of their lands.
- externality
- stewardship
- depletion
- degradation
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: B. stewardship
'Stewardship' berarti pengelolaan yang bertanggung jawab atas sesuatu yang dipercayakan.
7. What does 'unsustainable' most nearly mean?
- Able to continue indefinitely without issue
- Extremely profitable
- Legally required
- Not able to be maintained at the current rate
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: D. Not able to be maintained at the current rate
'Unsustainable' berarti tidak dapat dipertahankan pada tingkat saat ini.
8. The site underwent years of ___ before it was safe for redevelopment.
- depletion
- degradation
- remediation
- offset
Lihat jawaban dan pembahasan
Jawaban: C. remediation
'Remediation' berarti tindakan membalikkan/menghentikan kerusakan lingkungan.